Christian anarchists, such as Leo Tolstoy and Ammon Hennacy, believe Paul distorted Jesus' teachings. Tolstoy claims Paul was instrumental in the church's "deviation" from Jesus' teaching and practices, whilst Hennacy believed "Paul spoiled the message of Christ."[8][9] According to Tom O'Golo, the Ebionites believed Paul was a false prophet whose task was not to convert Romans to Christians but Christians to Romans.[10] Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, wrote in the latter half of the 2nd century that the Ebionites rejected Paul as an apostate from the law, using only a version of the Gospel according to St. Matthew, known as the Gospel of the Ebionites.
Tom O'Golo postulates several key elements were added by Paul to Christian theology that weren't evident in Jesuism. These included:
- Original sin
- Making Jews the villains
- Making Jesus divine
- Transubstantiation of bread and wine into actual flesh and blood
- Jesus' death being seen as atonement for human sin
- Making Jesus the Messiah
- Shifting the emphasis from an earthly to a heavenly kingdom
- Enlarging the chosen people to include anyone who accepted Jesus as Saviour
- Making salvation a matter of belief in Jesus almost regardless of the demands of the Torah
- Establishing a hierarchy (literally a holy order) to create and control a Church and more importantly to create and control the beliefs of its membership
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